Three types of sex therapy: a guide from leading DC sex therapists
What is sex therapy?
Sex therapy is a specialized form of psychotherapy facilitated by licensed mental health professionals, with treatment focused on sexual health and intimacy. It addresses sexual concerns, intimacy difficulties, and relationship challenges for both individuals and couples. Sex therapists provide guidance and support to help clients navigate the mental, emotional, and physical effects of sex- and intimacy-related challenges.
Although the objectives of sex therapy vary from client to client, the universal goal is to help individuals and couples lead more fulfilling sexual and intimate lives. Because sexuality and intimacy are unique to each person, sex therapists use a variety of therapeutic approaches. Sex therapy is not a one-size-fits-all model, so effectiveness begins with finding a qualified professional who fits your needs. Three of the most widely used approaches are cognitive-behavioral sex therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based sex therapy, and somatic sex therapy.
Three primary types of sex therapy
Cognitive-behavioral sex therapy (CBT)
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most researched psychotherapy methods. CBT focuses on the cyclical relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. In sex therapy, CBT helps people identify and change unhelpful thought patterns and behaviors that interfere with sexual well-being and intimacy.
For example, someone experiencing performance anxiety may think, “I can’t do this,” or “What’s wrong with me?” CBT sex therapy challenges these beliefs, reduces anxiety-related symptoms, and builds effective coping strategies. Techniques may include cognitive reframing, behavioral exercises, psychoeducation, and goal setting. CBT is highly effective in reducing anxiety and depression and improving intimacy and communication within couples.
Mindfulness-based sex therapy
Mindfulness as a practice involves being aware of one’s internal states and paying attention to the present moment, without judgment or immediate reactions. Mindfulness-based sex therapy uses mindfulness techniques to increase awareness of bodily sensations, thought processes, and emotions in the present moment without judgment.
In practice, this may include guided body scans, intentional breathing, touch practices, and meditation. The goal is to help individuals and couples develop self-acceptance, focus on the present, and reduce distractions that interfere with intimacy. Research shows that mindfulness-based sex therapy can improve arousal, satisfaction, and overall sexual functioning across diverse populations and relationship dynamics.
Somatic sex therapy
Somatic sex therapy emphasizes the body’s role in sexual experiences and the connection between physical sensations and emotional states. It often incorporates movement, breath work, touch, and nervous system regulation.
A key element is sensate focus, a guided exercise where couples gradually build intimacy through touch, beginning with nonsexual touch and gradually progressing to sexual touch. This approach enhances body awareness, sexual communication, and intimacy among couples and individuals.
Oftentimes, traumatic sexual experiences can lead people to feel disconnected from their bodies. Somatic sex therapy is particularly useful for individuals recovering from sexual trauma, though it also benefits those experiencing sexual dysfunction or relationship concerns.
Finding the right therapeutic approach
CBT, mindfulness-based, and somatic sex therapy each have unique strengths. Human sexuality is complex, and it is expected that individuals and couples may benefit from the incorporation of elements from more than one type of sex therapy. Other types of sex therapy also exist, such as EMDR or psychodynamic therapy. The best fit depends on your personal needs, goals, and relationship dynamics.
At the Center for Intimacy and Relationships, our trauma-informed, sex-positive DC sex therapists collaborate with clients to determine the approach(es) that best supports healing, intimacy, and overall well-being.
Take the next step
Our experienced clinicians are ready to help you navigate therapy and your journey of healing and improved well-being.
If you’re in the DC area and looking for trauma-informed, sex-positive therapy, reach out now. Sessions are available in-person or online throughout the DMV. Schedule a free video introduction with one of our therapists at the Center for Intimacy and Relationships to get started.
